The Advocate on Record (AOR) examination conducted by the Supreme Court of India is a rigorous test designed to assess an advocate’s expertise in Supreme Court practices and procedures. The exam consists of four descriptive-type papers, each carrying 100 marks and lasting three hours. Below is a detailed syllabus for the AOR exam based on available information:
Syllabus for AOR Exam 2025
The AOR exam is divided into four papers, each focusing on distinct aspects of legal practice before the Supreme Court of India:
Paper I: Practice and Procedure of the Supreme Court
This paper tests candidates’ knowledge of the day-to-day procedures and practices of the Supreme Court. Key topics include:
- Supreme Court Rules, 2013: Detailed understanding of the rules governing court procedures.
- Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court:
- Original jurisdiction (Article 131, original suits).
- Appellate jurisdiction (Article 132–134, appeals from High Courts).
- Advisory jurisdiction (Article 143).
- Extraordinary jurisdiction (Article 136, Special Leave Petitions).
- Transfer, contempt, review, and curative petitions.
- Historical Background: Evolution and structure of the Supreme Court.
- Relevant Statutes:
- Provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and Limitation Act applicable to Supreme Court proceedings.
- General Principles of the Court Fees Act.
- Supreme Court (Decrees and Orders) Enforcement Order, 1954.
- Rules to Regulate Proceedings for Contempt of the Supreme Court, 1975.
- Public Interest Litigation (PIL) Rules.
- Key Concepts:
- Doctrine of merger (Article 136).
- Language of the court.
- Application for modification or clarification of court orders.
Paper II: Drafting
This paper evaluates candidates’ ability to draft legal documents with precision and clarity. Topics include:
- Drafting Skills:
- Petitions for Special Leave (SLP) under Article 136.
- Writ petitions under Article 32.
- Original suits under Article 131.
- Election disputes (Article 71, disputes related to President and Vice President).
- Applications for appointment of an arbitrator (Article 11(6)).
- Statements of cases, decrees, orders, and other legal documents.
- Practical Application:
- Drafting pleadings and petitions tailored to specific factual situations.
- Structuring answers to incorporate legal issues while maintaining brevity.
Paper III: Advocacy and Professional Ethics
This paper focuses on the ethical responsibilities and advocacy skills required of an AOR. Key areas include:
- Professional Ethics:
- The Advocates Act, 1961, and cases reported under it, particularly disciplinary proceedings.
- Bar Council of India Rules, 2022 (including rules on foreign lawyers/law firms).
- Advocates (Amendment) Act, 2023.
- Conduct regarding sub-judice matters (e.g., giving opinionated interviews).
- Advocacy in Adversarial vs. Inquisitorial Systems:
- Role of advocates in adversarial systems.
- Balancing duty towards clients and the court.
- Contempt of Court:
- Cases involving contempt by advocates.
- Latest Legal Developments:
- Updates affecting advocates’ practice in India.
- Public Interest and Ethical Limits:
- Articles on professional ethics, such as limits on advocacy in public interest cases and the authority of adjudication.
Paper IV: Leading Cases
This paper tests candidates’ knowledge of landmark judgments and their ability to analyze and apply them. Key aspects include:
- Leading Cases:
- A list of leading cases is provided by the Supreme Court, categorized under constitutional law, civil law, criminal law, administrative law, etc.
- Candidates must study headnotes and prepare briefs for these cases.
- Notable cases often include Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) and ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla (1976), among others notified by the Supreme Court.
- Study Material:
- Headnotes of leading cases are provided in the examination hall and must be returned after the exam.
- Candidates should refer to judgments and commentaries from reliable sources like SCC Online or Supreme Court Reports.
- Preparation Focus:
- Understanding the ratio decidendi and obiter dicta of cases.
- Ability to apply case law to hypothetical scenarios.
Additional Notes on Exam Pattern
- Exam Mode: Offline, descriptive-type questions.
- Duration: Each paper is three hours long.
- Passing Criteria: Candidates must secure 50% in each paper and a combined aggregate of 60% across all papers to pass.
- Attempts: Candidates are allowed up to five attempts to clear the exam. Each appearance in any paper counts as an attempt.
- Study Materials:
- Supreme Court Rules, 2013, and Bare Acts (e.g., CPC, CrPC, Advocates Act).
- Video lectures provided by the Supreme Court on YouTube.
- Notes and compilations by senior advocates (e.g., Jay Savla, V. Mohna, F.S. Nariman).
- BR Agarwala’s Supreme Court Practice and Procedure.
- Previous years’ question papers for practice.
- Preparation Tips:
- Analyze past 10 years’ question papers to understand expectations.
- Practice answer writing to improve time management and structuring.
- Focus on drafting skills and brevity in answers.
- Regularly revise leading cases and stay updated on legal developments.
Eligibility for the AOR Exam
To appear for the AOR exam, candidates must:
- Be enrolled with a State Bar Council.
- Have at least four years of practice as an advocate.
- Complete one year of training under a registered AOR.
- Maintain an office within a 16-km radius of the Supreme Court in Delhi and employ a registered clerk upon passing.
Sources for Preparation
- Official Resources: Supreme Court website (www.sci.gov.in) for notifications, application forms, and video lectures.
- Books: BR Agarwala’s Supreme Court Practice and Procedure, EBC Bare Acts.
- Judgments: SCC Online for full-text leading cases.
For further details, candidates can refer to the Supreme Court’s official website.
This syllabus and preparation guidance should provide a comprehensive roadmap for aspiring AORs. Let me know if you need specific resources or tips for any paper!